Operant Conditioning Voluntary Behavior Essay - 940 Words

Onil Trinidad Psych 11 Dr. Mcspadden Operant Conditioning Voluntary behavior is a result of a learning process which is commonly referred to as â€Å"Operant Conditioning.† According to the American Psychological Association, operant conditioning is â€Å"Learning in which the probability of a response is changed by a change in its consequences† (Allyn Para#8). In simpler terms, operant conditioning is the explanation for voluntary behavior, which can reoccur or diminish, depending if the consequence is pleasurable or unpleasable. In my life I have experienced this concept of operant conditioning in full effect when I had to learn how to play baseball and when I had to learn math. There are certain limits to this theory of operant conditioning such as freewill, latent learning and instinct drives; nevertheless, operant conditioning is universally applicable and I can verify this with my own experiences. The first time I played real baseball I was about 7 years old. I didn’t’ fully understand the game but gradual ly I was molded until I learned how to play. This is a term which behaviorist call â€Å"Shaping†. Shaping is a method in which reinforcements are applied for each baby step you take towards your targeted behavior. The small steps I took were a result of me not knowing how to catch the ball. I first began by putting my glove out randomly and flinching in order to catch the ball. However, this technique didn’t work and therefore, I was hit by the baseball several of times. MyShow MoreRelatedClassical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning1249 Words   |  5 Pages This process involves the association between two stimuli or a behavior and a learned stimulus. Associative learning is divided in to two central techniques, classical conditioning and operant condition. Classical and operant conditioning are basic methods of learning and conditioning is used to adapt a behavior or association through a stimuli or consequence (Ciccarelli, 2012). While classical conditioning an d operant conditioning are key elements in associative learning, they have significantRead MoreCompare and Constrast Classical and Operant Conditioning737 Words   |  3 Pagescontrast classical and operant conditioning, their theories, terminology, famous psychologists and applications of the theory for teaching. Classical and operant conditioning are two important concepts central to behavioral psychology. While both result in learning, the processes are quite different. In order to understand how each of these behavior modification techniques can be used, it is also essential to understand how classical conditioning and operant conditioning differ from one anotherRead MorePavlov s Classical Conditioning Vs. Operant Conditioning1172 Words   |  5 PagesPavlov’s Classical Conditioning vs. B.F. Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Bhavika D. Patel Atlantic Community College Abstract Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner both studied learning, in which they both did different experiments on different animals and with different conditioning. Classical conditioning is the process in which two stimuli become linked; once this association has been recognized, an originally neutral stimulus is conditioned to provoke an involuntary response. The dogs in Pavlov’s studiesRead MoreClassical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning1492 Words   |  6 Pages To expand upon the concepts of the two forms of conditioning listed above, three additional principals not previously listed for the sake of convenience are present in both forms of conditioning; these three principals-extinction, spontaneous recovery, and stimulus discrimination-are among the number of basic principals of conditioning that are found in most forms of conditioning. To explain, Extinction refers to the process by which the steady weakening or diminishment of a conditioned responseRead MoreRespondent and Instrumental Conditioning as Related to Phobias and Addictions1004 Words   |  5 PagesRespondent and Instrumental Conditioning as related to Phobias and Addictions Many people who suffer from phobias also suffer from addictions. This is largely due in part to the reluctance to seek professional treatment for the phobia. People turn to other means to cope with their phobias which in turn leads to addictions. Dependence is such an issue with addiction that stopping is very difficult and causes severe physical and mental reactions. Therapist use a technique called extinction toRead MoreWatson, Skinner and Tolman Essay1627 Words   |  7 Pagesthat equates behavior to conditioning. Typical examples of behavior conditioning are classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning is the pairing of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus that births an unconditioned response. Subsequently, a neutral stimulus brings a response without the natural occurring stimulus. Unified the two elements are thought of as a conditioned stimulus and a conditioned response. Watson and Skinner classical conditioning are similarRea d MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning929 Words   |  4 PagesDiscussion 5 1. Define: Classical Conditioning is learning theory based on the assumption that the learning process occurs due to associations between an environmental stimulus and a natural occurring stimulus, as indicated in our textbook. This learning theory was developed by John Watson. He proposed that this theory is able to explain human behavior. Watson also assumed that our environment shapes our personality as a whole. His ideas were influenced by the findings of Ivan Pavlov, a RussianRead MorePavlov s Classical Conditioning And Skinner s Operant Conditioning1243 Words   |  5 PagesTaSheena Moore 2/4/2016 PSY 110 Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning and Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience. There are two types of learning, associative learning and cognitive learning. Associative learning occurs when a person or an animal forms a simple association among various stimuli, behaviors, or both. It requires little to no awareness or thought. Cognitive learning refers to understanding, knowing, and anticipating. Our subjectRead MorePhobias and Addictions Related to Classical and Operant Conditioning865 Words   |  4 Pagesas Related to Classical and Operant Conditioning Introduction People can become conditioned to respond to various stimuli in positive and negative ways, including phobias and addictions. In order to better understand how stimuli elicit phobic or addictive responses, this paper provides a discussion concerning phobias and addictions as related to classical and operant conditioning, including explorations of how phobias can be developed through classical conditioning and how addictions can be developedRead MoreThe Process of Conditioning963 Words   |  4 PagesFlorida Sahay Professor Griffin Psychology 1101 Fall 2009 The Conditioning Process It was raining when Sarah was driving home from work. Both she and the driver of the car in front of her were speeding. The car in front of her had immediately braked. There was not enough distance between that car and her own car to safely slow to a stop, so she had quickly switched lanes to avoid a car accident. Instead, the slick pavement caused her car to swerve out of control. When her car finally

The Effects Of Spaceflight On The Human Body - 1202 Words

Space Exploration: What Are the Effects of Spaceflight on the Human Body? The accomplishment of space travel on 12 April 1961 marked the dawn of a new space era. Since then, humans have advanced in technology and acquired immense knowledge through space exploration. We watch video clips of astronauts enjoying a gravity-free environment, however, there are challenges in space, the greatest threat being the lack of oxygen and pressure. Furthermore, spaceflight has a significant impact on the human body. Moreover, extreme variations in temperature and intense radiation from sunlight increase the chance of cancer. Significant adverse effects of long-term weightlessness are muscle atrophy (degeneration of cells) and deterioration of the skeleton (Kansas and Manzey 15). Weightlessness is also known to â€Å"cause the ‘moon-face’ appearance typical in pictures of astronauts† (Akiyama 22). Health risks also include cardiovascular system malfunction, balance disorders, eyesight disorders and motion sickness. Moreover, studies show that the crew members experience psychological effects as well, due to stress coupled with the body adapting environmental changes. However, the future prospects of space exploration require humans to endure for longer periods in space. These factors have paved the way for ‘space medicine’ that studies and improve the health of astronauts living in outer space. I will consider the studies on the effects of spaceflight on the human body and attempt to determineShow MoreRelatedAlexander Grant : The Longest Continuous Human Spaceflight966 Words   |  4 Pagesthe longest continuous human spaceflight. The current (2016) record holder for the longest continuous spaceflight is Valeri Polyakov at 438 days, or 14 months [1]. The purpose of this mission was to test the effect of micro-gravity environments similar to those on a journey to mars. Upon Polyakov’s return, his physical and overall mental condition were deemed stable. Due to acclimation times, it was plausible that a 3 year mission to mars would have no hazardous mental effects upon crew [2]. PsychologicalRead MoreThe Physiological And Psychological Effects Of Interplanetary Colonization1392 Words   |  6 PagesThe Physiological and Psychological Effects of Interplanetary Colonization Above 45,000 feet the atmosphere gets rugged, damaged, and begins to grow deeper and darker in color. This occurs because of the decrease in amount of nitrogen and oxygen molecules that are used to populate the air. This alone has tremendous effects on the human body, not just physically, but mentally. In the 1950’s, a major concern of those involved with space research and travel was a psychological problem, called the â€Å"Break-OffRead MoreThe National Aeronautics And Space Administration Essay1666 Words   |  7 PagesNASA has taken many giant leaps in spaceflight since Neil Armstrong first stepped on the moon: The International Space Station was built, multiple rovers were sent to Mars, a spacecraft has landed on an asteroid, and we even have pictures of Pluto for the first time. NASA has accomplished some incredible projects that have inspired many and benefited the entire world with the research it has found. Unfortunately, it has recently encountered some setbacks t hat make it nearly impossible for the administrationRead MoreEssay on Human Factors in Long-Duration Spaceflight1162 Words   |  5 Pagesnumerous human factors challenges can complicate, and even ruin the entire mission. This paper will identify human factors challenges the crew will face, describe why they are so dangerous, and finally, identify ways to mitigate these challenges. The first challenge in a long-duration spaceflight is almost immediately apparent after lift-off, leaving the gravitational pull of Earth, and entering a micro gravity environment. Weightlessness can have several different impacts on the human body. AstronautsRead MoreThe Accomplishment Of Space Travel1923 Words   |  8 Pagesspace era. Since then, humans have advanced in technology and knowledge through space exploration. However, although we watch video clips of astronauts enjoying a gravity-free environment, there are challenges in space, the greatest threat being the lack of oxygen and pressure. Furthermore, spaceflight has a significant impact on the human body as extreme variations in temperature and intense radiation from sunlight increase the chance of cancer. Significant adverse effects of long-term weightlessnessRead MoreLong Term Space Travel And Its Effects On The Human Body1427 Words   |  6 PagesLong-term Space Travel and its Effects on the Human Body Synopsis: Humans are planning more space missions to Mars and deeper into the solar system. These manned missions require longer periods of time in space than any human has ever spent, as well as traveling farther from Earth’s protection than ever before. There has been very little research conducted regarding the effects of prolonged space travel on the human body. This paper examines how space travel will likely alter bodily functions. TheRead MoreThe Problem Of Instant Space Travel1437 Words   |  6 Pagesbut the solutions aren’t as far as one might think. With the current limitations of our technology and the overall price of spaceflight, our space program is unable to go as far as we could. The current price is far too high for reasonable space travel, but, how much does a trip to, let s say, Mars, cost? Well, according to The Mars Society: Estimates of the cost of a human Mars exploration program over the years have been wildly disparate, leaving much confusion in their wake. On the high end ofRead MoreEssay on The Life of Konstantin Tsiolokovsky1034 Words   |  5 Pagesand multi-staging, gyroscopes, escape velocities from the Earth’s gravitational field, and the principle of action and reaction. He paved the way for Sputnik I (the world’s first artificial satellite) and the Vostok rocket (the first of manned spaceflight). Tsiolkovsky is considered one of the fathers of rocketry. Robert H. Goddard (1882-1945), considered the father of modern rocketry, was a physics professor who had a talent for practical engineering and experimentation. By 1926, he constructedRead MoreApplication Of Using Crispr Cas875 Words   |  4 Pagesspace are endless. Scientist could manipulate the DNA of humans so that mutations provide astronauts with denser bones and larger amounts of muscle mass. Researchers can also use CRISPR-Cas to edit the genome of astronauts so that they resemble the mutations found in â€Å"Superhumans.† These mutations would make astronauts less vulnerable to bone loss and many other effects experiences in space travel. In addition, scientist could splice human DNA with other organisms through a process called transgenesisRead MoreSpace Flight: Risk of Performance Errors Due to Sleep Loss1644 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction During spaceflight astronauts will experience fatigue that can threaten their health and performance during their period of exploration. If fatigue during space flight goes untreated, there is a potential long-term health effects. The term fatigue can be explained as weariness from bodily or mental exertion and temporary reduction of functioning organs due to excessive stimulus. Astronauts are prone to other risk during spaceflight as well, these are the following: sleep loss, circadian

Effects of Tv on Children Free Essays

We have all heard the incessant reports about the damaging effects of too much time spent in front of a television. The bad habit of watching hour after hour of television usually begin early in a persons life and people who have the habit of spending a lot of time watching too much TV are usually overweight. They also end up with other weight related problems during their life. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Tv on Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now Watching TV is especially harmful for small children. A study shows that when toddlers watch too much TV, they are more likely to have attention problems later on during their childhood and possibly for the rest of their life. This can have an impact on how well a child is able to perform in school and in other areas of their life. Allowing the television to be a baby sitter for your infant is not a good idea. The long hours of watching cartoons can be better spent doing some other activity. When I was a child a had a very small patch of the yard that I turned into a garden. I took dry beans from the packs in the kitchen and planted them in the garden. It was a wonderful feeling to watch them grow from a bean to a plant. We never ate anything from my garden, but having it gave me something to look forward to outside of the house, instead of doing nothing but sitting in front of the TV all day. Even today, more than 30 years later, I still do not watch (much) TV. There are a lot of TV stations that show programs that are very educational and a person can benefit from these programs. But, a child under the age of three should not be allowed to sit in front of the TV for a long time, the study states that no more than 30 minutes per day is enough. The long stream of continuous violence shown on TV has a negative effect on a child and adults, as well. Watching hours of violence, fast food commercials and the other nonsense – will have an adverse effect on anyone who watches it. It is not good to live in a society that doesn’t blink an eye when someone has their head blown off. When you allow the television to raise your children, by the time they are 21 years old, they would have seen hundreds of thousands of violent, dehumanising acts on the screen. What could the after effects of that produce? How long should your child watch TV per day, you decide. Just be prepared to deal with the consequences of too much TV. How to cite Effects of Tv on Children, Papers

Case Study Audit free essay sample

Furthermore, many competitors of Fast Go’s are larger and have greater financial resources, less average, and their coverage are more extensive. Furthermore, Fast Go also suffer high turnover of staff of the company. It is resulted from the high competition in the industry. Many staff left Fast Go and join bigger companies that offer better pay for them. Besides that, Fast Go also predicts that the market prices will be decline in the future, it just make them unable to attract more customer. And the important thing that cause the substantial doubt in order Fast Go to carry on the business is, the company has debt totaling RM 25 Million. The debt has financial covenants as well as material adverse change clause. Furthermore, Fast Go must maintain Debt Ratio to Total Assets not exceeding 35%. If Fast Go unable to comply with the agreement, they need to pay the loan in full. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study Audit or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page b) Assuming the events of conditions identified in (a) above cause the audit team to have substantial doubt about Fast Go ability to continue as a going concern, what is the next step the audit team needs to perform? The next step that the audit needs to perform are, the audit team must seek information about management’s plans to mitigate all the problem that Fast Go suffer for example the debt, the competition and etc. Besides, the audit team also must assess the likelihood that such plans can be successfully implemented. Furthermore, the audit team also must consider the Fast Go ability to continue or not. c) What types of audit procedures should be perform by the audit team? Types of audit procedures should be perform by the audit team are, the audit team should analyzing and discussing the Fast Go’s cash flow, profit and other relevant forecasts with the management. They should analyze the latest company’s financial statement. Besides, the audit team also must reviewing the terms of debentures and loan agreement with the bank to ensure that there is no breach of the contract between Fast Go and the bank. Furthermore, they also must enquire the entity’s lawyer regarding the existence of litigation and claims and reasonableness management assessments of their outcomes and the estimate of their financial implications. Another procedure that audit team should take is they have to reviewing the events after period ends in order to identify those that either mitigate or otherwise effect the Fast Go’s ability to continue as going concern. d) What are mitigating factors that Fast Go should implement in order to continue as going concern? Mitigating factors that Fast Go should implement in order to continue as going concern are, Fast Go should consider whether to sell the assets to pay off debt or dispose of the operations that are losing money. Frequently, Fast Go also may develop plan to reduce wages or cut back the workforce. Besides that, Fast Go also may negotiate with the bank or the creditor in order to restructure back the debt or seek for additional financing. Furthermore, they also can reduce the non- added value activities that incurred in their company that makes the bare high cost rather than get high profit. ) What are the responsibilities of the audit team with regard to Fast Go ability to continue as a going concern? Responsibilities of the audit team in order Fast Go to continue as a going concern are, the audit team should be consider the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern assumption in the preparation of financial reporting. Furthermore, the audit team also must consider the ability of the Fast Go to continue the business and they need to be disclosed in the financial reporting. f) What types of audit report will you issue for Fast Go. Types of audit report that will be issue for Fast Go is unmodified audit report which have to prepare by the management on the going basis after considering all the mitigating factors that arise. Case Study 4 i) Explain the factors that contribute to the success of Mazlan’s fraudulent scheme. You may explain from the perspective of fraud diamond. Based on the fraud diamond, the factors that contribute to the success of Mazlan’s fraudulent scheme are: a) An incentive – It is an incentive for Mazlan to commit fraud when he need to bear the limit credit card and he was on the verge of declaring bankruptcy. Because of this he decided to â€Å"borrow† money from IOPSB. b) Rationalization – Mazlan think what he did is rational because he will try to keep track of the money so he could pay it back later to the company. c) Opportunity- Mazlan has an opportunity to commit fraud when Zairi, the Chief Executive Officer did not play his duty as an officer. He just signed whatever cheques without check the payment is made for whom. d) Capability- Mazlan was also capable to commit fraud because he is Account Executive in that company. So that, it easier for Mazlan to â€Å"borrow† the money from IOPSB. ii) Based on what Mazlan told you about his fraudulent scheme, describe the suggestions would you make to Salim. Suggestion that would be making to Salim are, Salim must discuss with the all management team in IOPSB about what happened. He must tell all staff about it. And in order to recover back the loss, he must ask the audit team and appoint another Account Executive to reconcile back all the account. Furthermore, he must take an action towards Salim because of his fraudulent. Besides, Salim also need no be more aware about this matter and make a segregation of duties among staff. , make sure that all of them carry their own job and responsibilities in accordance with their job description. iii) Explain the situation that had violated the MIA’s By Laws. Under Section 10 (a) of Accountants Act 1967, every member is to observe the standard of professional conduct and refrain from unprofessional conduct that include any act that discredit to himself, other members, and Institute or the accounting profession. Situation that had violated the MIA’s By Laws are: a) Intergrity- Mazlan had violated the MIA’s By Laws which falls under integrity. Integrity means adherence to moral and ethical principles, soundness of moral character or simply honesty. Base on this case, Mazlan had not carry his duty in moral and honesty way or manner when he commit fraud by make a cheque for his own interest. b) Self interest threats- Self interest threat arise from ownership of financial interest. It happened when a firm or members could benefit from financial interest in the assurance company. In this case, Mazlan had violated By Laws when he use all the money from the IOPSB for his own interest. It happened when he need to pay his credit card which reached the limit that may bring him to bankruptcy. c) Due Care- Due Care means the member is responsible for fulfilling his or her duties diligently and carefully. In this matter, Zairi had violate to carry on his professional in due care when he did not check the cheque that get befor he signed and approve it. v) Explain the role of external auditors in contributing to good corporate governance. The role of external auditors in contributing to good corporate governance are,: a) Give unbiased opinion on the financial statement prepared by the management. b) Evaluates whether audit evidence raises doubt about the ability of the client to continue as a going concern in the foreseeable future. c) Auditor must collects evidence to ob tain reasonable assurance that the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements are free of material misstatement. CASE STUDY 5

Little Children and Big Dreams free essay sample

Every Saturday morning at my synagogue, there are three separate services occurring simultaneously: an elementary and pre-school service, a middle school service, and the adult service. Each one, much to my liking, has a set order of prayers. While sitting with my father, I check my watch and see that it’s â€Å"that time† already. I quietly leave the adult service, where I am simply a voice in the crowd, following each note which had been set into motion by another, and I waltz into the middle school service, ready to take up the reigns. Although at times it feels as though I am just the next buffoon in line attempting to yank Excalibur out of the stone, I know that on this day I am King Arthur. I stand tall with a siddur in my hand, a tallis upon my shoulders, and a kippa bestowed on my head. I wait. We will write a custom essay sample on Little Children and Big Dreams or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I sneak a glance at my master sheet, controller of my kingdom’s fate. I breathe. I take in this very moment; time slows to the point at which I can see my own thoughts dancing around inside my head and I set into motion a plan that will be foolproof, yet adaptable. My first words are poised to leap from my tongue. â€Å"Okay†¦ So let’s begin with Ma Tovu. Do I have any volunteers?† I always crave a plan. Something etched out in stone that, when read properly, yields a beautiful symphony. Even when doodling, I feel the overpowering need to ensure the sketch’s proportions are accurate and that there is adequate space for it to call home. However, just like my room, life is not always clean and organized. And by that very nature, it is seemingly impossible to adhere to some previously constructed guideline. What I had not foreseen happening this morning, or maybe chose to ignore, is the possibility that I have to adapt to the situation. We are only up to the sixth prayer and I’m running out of volunteers. My facial muscles tense up; I begin to fidget with the calluses on my palm. I look to my audience. My eyes flare up, my shoulders elevate, and a smile overwhelms my face. â€Å"Can I have all the parents on my left and all the kids on my right?† I ask, while projecting outward with my arms. â€Å"I want to see who is going to be louder: the kids or the adults. Ready? Begin.† Their voices fill room with the sound of music. I wouldn’t say that I’m surprised, but rather I am impressed by their gusto as well as my own quick thinking. The rest of the service proceeds according to my design. At the culmination, as I begin to remove my tallis, relinquishing my new found power, I see a well groomed man heading my way. His hand reaches out in my direction. A chill slithers down my spine quickly enough to tickle the bottom of my feet before his hand meets mine. â€Å"Well done,† he says â€Å"I hope to see you here more often. In order to perform the way you did, you must have had some formal training. I mean, there is just something about you that my kids and I really connected to.† I firmly shake his hand, thank him for the sentiment, and walk towards my own father with a joyous grin. A Siddur is a Jewish prayer book. A Tallis is a special shawl worn when praying. A Kippa, literally meaning skullcap, is a religious head-covering worn at all times.

The Fight For Freedom essays

The Fight For Freedom essays Throughout American history people have fought for causes in which they believe; one of these major causes was the emancipation of all black slaves within the United States. During the mid 1800s two of the greatest abolitionists emerged; Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison. Both of these men lived during the same time period and grew up in hard conditions. However, both of these men overcame their hardships through the strength of their morals and became successful abolitionists. Although different in background and beliefs, William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass were two of the key abolitionists of the mid 1800s William Lloyd Garrison was a man who grew up under the care of only his mother, after his father left them early on in Williams life. Through all of the time spent with his mother, Garrison inherited many of her traits. (Lilley, 36) Williams early life in Massachusetts was unlike many other childrens because of his fathers heavy drinking, which caused his mother, Fanny, to work hard just to make sure that her children would not inherit any of their fathers weaknesses. (36) Unfortunately William had problems with money, which was scarce around the house; however, he finally found happiness working in a newspaper. This eventually helped lead him to create an abolitionist paper known as The Liberator. In this paper he expressed many of the views that he acquired from another great abolitionist Benjamin Lundy. (Lilley, 37) Garrison also had obtained many of his views against slavery listening to the British Parliaments debates on slavery in the West Indies (Lilley, 37). He was so inten t on getting is point across that in the very first printing of the Liberator he said: I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . . I am in earnest I will not equivocate I will not excuse I will not retreat a single inch AND I WILL BE HEA...

Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 19

Final - Essay Example The main aim of the imperialist policies in the British Empire was to assist in the acquisition of many foreign territories. These territories would therefore provide raw materials and the market for the British manufacturers. They also established trade monopolies that would ensure that their export exceeds imports. They believed this would provide foreign income to expand and maintain the empire. After successful wars with the French, Spanish and the Dutch in the seventeenth century, Britain was successful in acquiring most territories in the Caribbean, St Lawrence basin in Canada, parts of Africa for slavery acquisition and the coast of the North America. They developed interest in India and the British government took over the East India Company. Britains control extended to neighbors of India, including Burma and Afghanistan. After the end of the Napoleonic wars in1815, Britain became more powerful. At this time, they acquired Dutch South Africa but were challenged in India due to the eastern and southern expansion of the Russian empire. During this period, the traditional rivals of Britain had been diminished in power and size and so Britain remained the leading empire in Europe. However, the old mercantile empire weakened due to certain factors during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. Some of the factors were freeing in slaves held in another part of the empire and colonial associations for greater commercial and political independence. British Empire had several motives in penetration in India. The British investors ventured into certain parts of India in search of opportunities that had significant profits. British intellectuals, including Christian missionaries facilitated the movement that sought to bring western technological innovations and intellectuals to Indians. The Christian missionaries translated the bible

Creating Waves of Awareness through Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Creating Waves of Awareness through Media - Essay Example In the period around world war, II Adolf Hitler controlled the media (History Learning Site). He used media to propagate his propaganda and thus deny the general public access to timely and accurate information. This was the main reason his regime dominated the society. After this period the media was controlled by the state. During this period there was freedom of speech and protection of public interest. In the late 1980’s media was privatized thus encouraging market contestability. There was state deregulation and the media was left for the affluent individuals who expanded their media empires globally by purchasing more media outlets. This is why our media outlets are now in the hands of few individuals. In modern day world, the media serves as the main source of our information. It is the link between human beings and societies. It is a great place to share your views and get other people’s views and even information. Virtually anything that you need is available can be accessed from the media. As a human, the right to speech and information can never be overemphasized. The average American does not expect the media to leave out any form of information and more so the internet. The major media monopolies seek to exploit this ignorance by trying to control most of the media outlets thus giving them the power to censor content from these media outlets. This will be a drawback to our democracy. Therefore any attempt to censor the content of the media by the cartels is opposed because media affects both general life and political decisions hence they should enable and protect free speech (free press, 2012). The media primary responsibility is to inform the public so as to enable them to make informed decisions (Bruck, 2014). The new media monopoly policies is a threat to this as it involves censoring the content displayed to the public.  

Future Healthcare Informatics Technology Research Paper

Future Healthcare Informatics Technology - Research Paper Example Most elderly people do not want to be kept in institutions for the old and having a person constantly employed to taking care of them may prove costly in the long run. These groups of aged people are also at high risk for serious health conditions such as those mentioned above and hence their caregiver should have medical background and if not may then require also a health worker nearby. The technology in discussion will be wearable and hence not a burden to the elderly individual and will monitor the health changes in the body such as the heartbeat, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature among others which will assist in detecting the changes that may indicate onset of the serious conditions and hence immediate health care will be provided. It is an example of a preventative mechanism. The most obvious of the positive impact of this technology is the reduced cost of providing care to the elderly in the long run. In a family where there are several elderly people all requiring attention and do not wish to go to an institution, the device will prove cost effective as there will be no need of hiring helpers of nurses to monitor their health condition. By just having the device, the family can be able to monitor their changes in health and immediately a problem is detected, then help can be sought. The other positive impact is that the old people will be able to wear the sensor device anywhere and it therefore cannot hinder them from carrying out their daily routine. The advantage to this is that wherever the person is, they can be tracked and hence will also act as a monitor of movement in case of those who might have memory problems. The elderly are also able to remain in the confine of their homes even those with health conditions such as heart conditions without having to spend all their time in hospitals being monitored. This will however require self-discipline from the user of the technology not to remove

Walt Whitman’s “Song of Myself”: An Analysis

Walt Whitman’s â€Å"Song of Myself†: An Analysis Walt Whitman’s â€Å"Song of Myself†: A Mystic’s Path of the Self In the poem â€Å"Song of Myself† Walt Whitman identifies himself as more than a poet, but as a mystic as well. The speaker stresses the spiritual significance of a cathartic self, unburdened by the programming of society. â€Å"Whitman does not use regular meter, but†¦at some points he seems to slip into a traditional use of stresses and beats.† (Team). The speaker identifies what a mystic’s function is while using a full spectrum of imagery patterns as well as stresses and beats to illustrate depth of experience to the reader. Whitman’s message is that of a mystic, giving insight into the inner treasure of awareness of one’s self. He places a need to bring one’s self to a cathartic state from all the borrowed knowledge in the world in order to find one’s own intelligence. The speaker of the poem believes that if one acquires a state of catharsis, awareness of the self can be realized among the simplest of experiences; and oneâ⠂¬â„¢s intelligence can then bring meaning and understanding. The first line reads â€Å"I celebrate myself, and sing myself.† (Whitman) The speaker identifies himself as a mystic. The sole function of a mystic as stated by Osho is â€Å"to celebrate himself†¦ that’s what a mystic has always been supposed to do†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Osho Speaks on Walt Whitman) The mystic finds Joy within solitude, alone among himself. The mystic’s message is that the joy of one’s own aloneness is our birthright. Unlike loneliness, aloneness is the enjoyment of one’s own company. The mystic befriends himself, his aloneness, that which he considers the essential being. In the next two lines the speaker says â€Å"and what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.† The word â€Å"assume† stands for a capacity for intelligence. Unlike intellect, intelligence is not derived of borrowed knowledge but from one’s own existential experience. The speaker is saying that the capacity I have for intelligence you also have. Intelligence is a quality or depth of awareness. It is universal among all things. (Whitman) The next verse reads, â€Å"I loafe and invite my soul, I lean and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.† The speaker is providing the right way to awareness. The speaker uses the word â€Å"Loafe† twice. This word choice symbolizes the relaxation as the source for right awareness. Merely trying to become aware applies strain and tension. The speaker describes an effortlessness and as he leans and loafes at his own ease. (Whitman) The next verse follows , â€Å"My tongue, every atom of my blood, form’d from this soil, this air, Born here of parents born here from parents the same, and their parents the same, I , now thirty-seven years old in perfect health begin, Hoping to cease not till death. â€Å" The speaker is making a commitment to become more and more aware. The speaker uses words from the first line â€Å" My tongue, every atom of my blood, form’d from this soil, this air,† to symbolize the connectedness of all things. The second and third lines, â€Å"Born here of parents born here from parents the same, and their parents the same,† symbolizes the role of man to reach his potential. Through awareness we can reach the source of intelligence. All our lives and the lives of our ancestors have served for this very purpose, to reach one’s potential. (Whitman) The next verse speaks on spontaneity and truth. The first line goes, â€Å"Creeds and schools in abeyance. â€Å" The word abeyance is used to symbolize the knowledgeability collected by society. In the next line the speaker identifies the knowledge or intellect gained through these sources as ego pleasing devices saying, â€Å"Retiring back a while sufficed at what they are, but never forgotten.† The speaker is identifying borrowed knowledge. The last line reads, â€Å"I harbor for good or bad, I permit to speak at every hazard, Nature without check with original energy. â€Å" The speaker describes the use of intelligence outside the boundaries of knowledgeability. The speaker reveals experience and action out of one’s awareness as the highest use of intelligence. Acting outside knowledgeability is known as spontaneity or what the mystic calls action through intelligence and awareness. (Whitman) In the second half of the poem the first verse reads, â€Å"Houses and rooms are full of perfumes, the shelves are crowded with perfumes.† Whitman uses stresses and beats in this first line. The rhythm goes HOUSes and ROOMS are FULL of perFUMES. The second and third lines read, â€Å" I breathe the fragrance myself and know it and like it, The distillation would intoxicate me also, but I shall not let it.† The speaker describes non-possessiveness. The pleasant fragrances are experiences. The speaker is performing the function of the mystic which is to not judge or hold on to any particular experience. (Whitman) The next verse follows, â€Å"The atmosphere is not a perfume, it has no taste of the distillation, it is odorless.† The speaker uses the word atmosphere to describe the whole and perfume is used again to symbolize experience. The whole is not concerned with attainment. The speaker goes on to describe the atmosphere as tasteless, and odorless. Through right awareness one can come to know wholeness, or atmosphere. The second line reads, â€Å"It is for my mouth forever, I am in love with it,† the word forever symbolizes the infinitive nature of awareness. The following lines read, â€Å"I will go to the bank by the wood and become undisguised and naked, I am mad for it to be in contact with me. â€Å" The speaker takes on the mystic’s love affair with going beyond the mind. The speaker’s madness symbolizes living in the present moment as going beyond the mind, becoming meditative. (Whitman) The next verse use patterns of a wide variety of imagery. The entire verse reads, â€Å"The smoke of my own breath, Echoes, ripples, buzz’d whispers, love-root, silk-thread, crotch and vine, My respiration and inspiration, the beating of my heart, the passing of blood and air through my lungs, The sniff of green leaves and dry eaves, and of the shore and dark-color’d sea-rocks, and of hay in the barn, The sound of the belch’d words of my voice loos’d to the eddies of the wind, A few light kisses, a few embraces, a reaching around of arms, The play of shine and shade on the trees as the supple boughs wag, The delight alone or in the rush of the streets, or along the fields and hill-sides, The feeling of health, the full-noon trill, the song of me rising from bed and meeting the sun. â€Å" (Whitman) The speaker uses visual, auditory and tactile patterns of imagery to elicit experiences for the reader. â€Å"My respiration and inspiration,† describes these images as the product of living. They are the small subtle moments in which one becomes more and more aware. Whether it be the smallest of experiences of â€Å"the passing of blood and air† through one’s lungs, or the â€Å"sound of the belch’d words† of one’s, â€Å"voice loos’d to the eddies of the wind.† These seemingly simple experiences can-not go by unawares by a mystic. These experiences are not merely fortuitous but the involvement of one’s essential being. (Whitman) This next verse follows, â€Å"Have you reckon’d a thousand acres much? Have you rechon’d the earth much? Have you practis’d so long to learn to read? Have you felt so proud to get at the meaning of poems? The speaker identifies subjugation of one’s intelligence. The use of the word â€Å"reckon’d† symbolizes calculation. The speaker is simply asking if one’s involvement with their intelligence is merely to calculate and to acquire skills and knowledge from outside sources. The speaker asks if the reader will look at the work in a calculative way when he says, â€Å"Have you rechon’d the earth much?† The speaker attacks the ego when he says, â€Å"Have you felt so proud to get at the meaning of poems? It is one’s thirst for knowledgeability that misses the value of meaning itself. (Whitman) The last verse of the poem describes the value of intelligence through awareness in a cathartic state. The first two lines read, â€Å"Stop this day and night with me and you shall possess the origin of all poems. You shall possess the good of the earth and sun, (there are millions of suns left,)† The speaker uses the phrase â€Å"the origin of all poems,† to describe one’s pursuit for understanding or meaning. The next lines of the verse describe necessity of a cathartic self. â€Å"through the eyes of the dead, nor feed on the spectres in books, You shall not look through my eyes either, nor take things from me, You shall listen to all sides and filter them from your self.† The speaker identifies knowledgeability as a burden to one’s advancement in order to experience the self. The phrases, â€Å"through the eyes of the dead, nor feed on the spectres in books† symbolize all the obtained knowledge or borrowed knowledge that does not provide depth to individual experience. (Whitman) Walt Whitman’s â€Å"Song of Myself† are the words of a mystic. He identifies aloneness as a treasurable essence of the essential being to be celebrated. His poem closely defines right-awareness as a relaxed or â€Å"loafe† approach to the most subtle experiences. Whitman describes knowledgeability alone a burden to the essential being, where the pursuit for meaning becomes entangled with preconceived ideas and barrowed knowledge. Whitman implores the reader to reach a cathartic state from all the borrowed knowledge in the world that has crowded the view of one’s self. Walt Whitman believes that there is a much more qualitative depth to one’s intelligence and through the bond of one’s self, of one’s aloneness; even the simplest of experiences can provide the richness of poetry. Works Cited Osho Speaks on Walt Whitman. 5 9 2014. 25 10 2014 http://www.oshonews.com/2014/09/osho-speaks-on-walt-whitman/>. Team, Shmoop Editorial. Song Of Myself. Ed. Shmoop Editorial Team. N.P. N.P. 2014. Shmoop University, Inc. 22 Oct 2014 http://www.shmoop.com/song-of-myself/rhyme-form-meter.html>. Whitman, Walt. Chapter 29 Song of Myself. Mandell, Laurie G. Kirszner Stephen R. LIT Student Edition. Boston: Michael Rosenberg, 2012. 520-521.

Egypt :: essays research papers

Egyptian Art: Old, Middle and New Kingdoms Art historians, Egyptologists, and archeologists have made fascinating discoveries about the artifacts, pharaohs, and culture of Egypt since the discovery in 1799 of the Rosetta Stone. It led to the decoding of Egyptian hieroglyphics. Pharaonic names, dates, places, and events could then be reliably organized for linear presentation of ancient Egypt’s long 4,000 year history. Egyptian innovations in burial architecture, mummification, picture language, and huge monument building had both amazed and puzzled scholars for nearly 1,500 years. Pyramid building, obelisk lifting and colossal statue carving reveal a sophistication and simplicity which are at once both attractive and intriguing. This paper will review several specific aspects of Egyptian art ranging from 4000 to 30 B.C.E. First will be, a brief discussion of Egyptian history, kings, geography and art. They will be followed by an examination of invention and innovation. Next, the decoding of hieroglyphics will be reviewed and followed by an overview of ancient Egyptian fascination with the afterlife. Finally, the major discovery in 1922 of King Tutankhamen’s tomb in the Valley of the Kings and its exquisite treasures will be offered. The Old Kingdom, from about 4000 to 2280 B.C., was the age of the great pyramids such as Cheops (wonder of the ancient world), Chefren, and Mycerinus. Also on the Giza plateau is the largest freestanding statue in Egypt, the Sphinx. The Sphinx was a sculpture of a lion’s body with the face of Chefren. The statue is sixty-five feet high and about 240 feet in length, making it the largest freestanding statue in Egypt. The Nile River was key in the development of these Ancient Egyptian cities the Nile would flood in the summer which fertilized the crops and making the desert lush and fertile. Its most important role was it supplied clay for bricks and pottery for transporting water. The Nile was even an asset to the prehistorics. The Egyptians developed their agricultural economy from prehistoric communities such as Hierakonpolis. Menes, the first recorded king of early Egypt, had an architect named Imhotep. Imhotep built and constructed many types of pyramids such as the mastaba , step, bent, and smooth-sided. The next era of the Egyptian kingdom is known as the Middle Kingdom. This kingdom lasted from about 2065 to 1785 B.C. In this era, the city of Thebes was built. Thebes was known as the most influential city of the ancient world.